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Well, one that comes to mind, which I think even the Apostles had a hard time adapting to, was the change from a religion of a particular people to a religion for everyone. Jesus told the Apostles to go to "all nations" (Matt. 28:19-20), and he is even more explicit on what they are supposed to do in Luke: "repentance and forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. You are witnesses of these things. I am going to send you what my Father has promised; but stay in the city until you have been clothed with power from on high." (Lk. 24:47-49)
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The claim that Christianity was “a religion of a particular people” doesn’t seem to be supported.
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Luke also records this in Acts: "Do not leave Jerusalem, but wait for the gift my Father promised, which you have heard me speak about." (Acts 1:4) To this the Apostles respond with the question: "Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?" (Acts 1:6) Jesus obviously wasn't going to reestablish the (literal) Kingdom of Israel at that point, so he tried to show them that the task for them was not to worry about the Kingdom of Israel, but just to go and spread the Gospel: "It is not for you to know the times or dates the Father has set by his own authority. But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth." (Acts 1:7-8)
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The “gift my Father promised” was the Holy Spirit. Check a few other translations.
BibleGateway.com - Passage*Lookup: Acts 1; Quote:
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The Holy Spirit came (Acts 2:1-4), but they still stayed around Jerusalem for at least a few years. Eventually they did start expanding, not out of missionary zeal, but rather because of persecution: "On that day a great persecution broke out against the church at Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout Judea and Samaria." (Acts 7:54-8:1) And even then they still didn't really get it: "Now those who had been scattered by the persecution in connection with Stephen traveled as far as Phoenicia, Cyprus and Antioch, telling the message only to Jews." (Acts 11:19)
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The Holy Spirit led them to speak in tongues. It doesn’t say anything about being led leave Jerusalem.
You’re right that they only left because of persecution. They were disobedient.
You’re also right that they were only telling Jews. Then “Then some of the men from Cyprus and Cyrene who had come to Antioch started talking to Greeks, giving them the Message of the Master Jesus. God was pleased with what they were doing and put his stamp of approval on it—quite a number of the Greeks believed and turned to the Master.” (Acts 11:20)
Mom’s making me get off the computer… sorry. I’ll get back with you when I can.